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An arteriovenous (AV) graft is a deliberate connection between an artery and a vein. Researchers recently examined the effect of ethnicity on the effectiveness of arteriovenous grafts for dialysis. They claim that compared to other ethnic groups, African Americans have a higher rate of graft failure. The medical director for Medical Î÷¹ÏÊÓƵ in New York, Dr. Denise Pate, who did not participate in the study, stated that additional research is required because the results on such grafts are not definitive.